Improvement in geah-ctrtter



after described.

cHARLEsvoITTs, or PAR1`s,'FnANcE.

Lam Parma No. 87,766, datedMa/mu 16, Y1869.`

IMPROVEMENT IN GEM-CUTTER.

. A'.li'lae Schedulevrefen-ed to in these Letters Patent and making part of the n me. l

I o all whom 'it may. concem:

Beit known that I, CHARLES EvOTTE, of Nos. 31

n and 33 rue Riquet, Paris, inthe Empire of France,

`practical engineer, have invented a portable machine for turning, dividing, and shaping woodencogs, upon wheels of from one foot and threelquarters in diameter u'p to any diameter, however limited for space may be the workshops or manufactories in Iwhich such wheels 'require to be supplied with Inewco'gs and I do hereby' declare that the following is a full and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes this machine 'om any apparatus hitherto applied to such purposes, also of the manuerof making such machine, aud'of certain modieations thereof, reference being had to the accompanying sheets of drawing-,and tothe iig- 'ures and letters of reference marked thereon.

. The operation of turning, dividing, and shaping v wooden cogs was originallyV effected by hand. The Vwheel'being fitted with its cogs, in a rough state, a

workman had first to cut the cogs to tlledesired width; then to divide. the wheel and compass the shape of the cogs; all thisv by hand-work; and finally, he had to cut them to shape by means of hand-tools,

A machine was subsequently invented for dividing and shaping` cogs upon wheels n'ot exceeding nine orV ten feet in diameter. Ip usingthis machine, it is necessary that the wheel he first mounted on a lathe, in order to turn the sidesandperiphery, this preparatory work, therefore, necessitating the removal of the 4wheel' from its shaft. Further, the dividing-machine is limited in diameter, and certain wheels must, therefore, still be shaped by hand, whichis a great inconvenience, for, when the cogs ofa largedriving-wheel are broken or worn out, Aas frequently happens in manufactories, the work-fiust be done on the spot, andthe job cocu--4 pies considerable time.' For instance, four men will be employed four vdays in turning, dividing, and shaping the cogs of a driving-wheel having four hundred cogs i of three-fourths of a foot lin width. 'lhe result is, a

loss of four days working, and a cost of sixteen days jonrneymans work.

, To avoid this, I have invented a portable machine,A which may be driven by hahd-cranhbysteam, or by any available powexyand which will eifect mechanically, with precision and rapidity, in less than one day, the work hitherto requiring-the timeand labor above stated,

the said machine performing its 'task either in workshops or in manufactories, and turning, dividing', and shaping cogs upon wheels of any size, from one foot and three-fourths in diameter, upward.

The wheclto be cnt is not mounted upon, or in any way attached Ato my machine, except by means here- 'lhe machine being firmly paced, and the wheel` being firmly held, independent of each other, in the proper relative positions,'the cutters of the machine remove the wood from thecogs properly, and trim the several teeth, and Vmake the proper spaces between the teeth. I turn the wheel t9 the proper extent,`in cutting the spaces between the teeth, by means of an inelastic, but suiliciently flexible belt, or chain, which is held tightly upon the points of the teeth, after the manner of a belt, and, passing through the machine,

is moved along to exactly the right extent after each operation, thus turning the wheel an equalam'ount,

and dividing it with mathematical exactness, whatever be the size of the wheel.

Figure 1 is an end view of the machine adjusted for cutting the acting faces of the-teeth of a large wheel, of which latter only two teeth are shown. i

Figure 2 represents the same teeth, with the portion of the machine adjacent, adjusted and prepared for the preliminary operation of cutting theA 'points 0T the teeth.

This prepares the surface on which the belt or chain is to rest for the subsequent treatment. i

Figure 3 is a face view of the machine.

Figure 4 represents a coupling employed in driving it. 'i

Figures 5, 6, and 7, represent sections of different modespf constructing 4theinelastic belt, and

L Figures 89, and 10, represent face views of the same modiications. i f Figure 11 -is a plan view of the cutters and of atooth in the act of finishing the pointer periphery, as above It will be explained further on, that when the shaft S and its adjuncts are in the machine, the shaft H and its adjuncts are remoyed. Both are represented here in their positions for use, in order to avoid multiplication of the figures.

vQu vthe accompanying sheets of drawing- A indicates lright, and left. cast-iron frames.

B, horizontal stay-frame.

O, oscillating frame, fitted on two studs cast with the frames A. v

- D, arched, or bent pieces, regulating the inclination of the oscillating frame by means of screws E.

E, screws pressing the arched pieces D.; v

F, sliding frame, ou which are tted the shafts car- M, bolt for screwing theblades tight upon the boss of the shaft H., v

l, screws, to regulate the height ofthe blades K L on the boss of Ithe shaft. O, toothed wheel gearing with the pinion P;

P, screw-pinion gearing with 0. Q, grooved shaft carrying the toothed wheel 0. 1t, bearings of the shaft S. S, shaft carrying the blades T and saws U.

, ers T are fitted, and carrying the wheel W.

frames, A, firmly united by a horizontal stay-frame, B,

pieces, D, fitted on frame C, and sliding through open- -steel spindle.

edges, sin-mounted by a screw-tapped part, with steel T, cutting-blades, which cut the sides of cogs.

U, saw-blades for cutting also sides of cogs.

V, pinion set on shaft S, when the blades T and saws i U are to be used.

W, toothed wheel carried by the shaft X, and actuated by the set of wheels Y.

X, shaft put in the place of Q when the blade-h old- Y, gearing of the machine.

Z, bevel-wheels.

a, bearing-block set up when the blades T and saws i U are to be used, and receiving the shaft X.

b, curved piece receiving the'hand or ribbon o, and intended to stretch it.

c, jointed screw, which draws back the curved piece b.

d, iight and left frame of the dividing-apparatus.

s, .screws fastening the dividing-apparatus on the slides. f, screw-jack, or buttress,Y to prevent vibration.

g, hand-crank, with dial,` and hands, and toothed wheel, gearing with pinion h.

i, screw actuating the wheel fitted on the shaft l. j, shaft carrying screw-gear and wheel actuating the band or chain.

k, wheel actuating the band or chain.

l, vertical shaft.

m, driving-pulley to be used when steam-power is employed. i l

n, pinion set on the shaft l, and actuated by the screw q.

o, endless band placed on the periphery of the wheel.

p, endless chain used for the same purpose as the steel band.

q, screw on the shaft actuated by pinion n..

This machine is'coxnposed of' two vertical cast-iron which also receives, in conjunction with the frames A, the various bearing-blocks of the gearing.

Another frame, C, oscillating on two studs cast with the frames A, permits the inclination of the vertical blade-shaft H toward the axis of the cog-wheel which is to be operated upon.

This inclination is regulated by two arched, or'bent ingsmade in frame B, where they are fastenedby the adiusting-screws E.

A sliding frame, F, of complicated form, carries the blade-shafts for facing the sides of, or for turning or shaping the cogs.

This work is performed in three operations, which are-hereinafter explained.

The sliding frame F bears, at its upper part, a steel screw, G, used as a centre-spindle for the blade-sha' H, and at the lower part there is a brass socket-bearing, in which the lower end of the shaft revolves on a This shaft is mounted on the slide-frame by two upper and lower bearing-blocks I.

It has, at its uppermost part, aboss with two flat spindle and nut J, the latter securing the blades on the 009i Each of these flat parts receives the blades K L, for shaping or for turning the ends of cogs. They are fitted with a round-headed bolt, M. I

The bolt-eye of the said blades is oval, so as to permit shifting them up or down, or bringing them forward or backward; in a word, to regulate their position. They are regulated, also, by four adjustingscrews l, securing them in position, and preventingr any departure From the horizontal or inclined position in which they are fixed.

The. blade-holder H is actuated by a helical or screwbillion, i). driven by a wheel of the same decfption,

by bami-cranks.

O, set on a grooved shaft, Q, and following the pinion horizontallyY in all the positions ofthe sliding carriage. The wheel O is actuated by gearing TY, set in motion The sliding frame F carries a bearing-block, R, which receives the shaft S, fitted with the blade-holdersT and saw-holders U, for facing the sides of cogs; this shaft being only set in the machine when the shaft H is removed.

The blade and saw-holders 'l U, and shaft S, are grooved, so that they may slide, and their position he varied, according to the width the cogs are to be cut. They are fastened in their proper place by adjustingscrews.

The shaft is actuated by a pinion, V, fitted on the shaft S, and driven by a wheel, W, set on shaft X.

This latter is putin place of the shaft Q, when the blade and saw-holders are set in the machine.

The bearing-block a is then bolted on the right frame A, and the shaft X inserted.

On each side of the back part of the frames are arranged three hand-cranks, actuating the gearing Y. This number and arrangement of cranks is adopted in order that the machine may be worked from any side,

in case one or more sides should be encumbered by pillars, walls, fixed beams, or other obstacles.

The driving-gear Z may be shifted horizontally into various places on :the frame B, for the same purpose.

The machine may also be driven by any power, by means of a belt on the pulleys m.

The dividing-apparatus is set up as follows:

It is composed of' two right and left frames d, tied to the oscillating frame C by means of two rods screwed in the latter, and serving as sliding'supports.

It is fastened by four adjusting-screws e.

It is also fitted with a bent forked piece, for the purpose of fixing it in different positions, as is done for the oscillating frame C, every inclination of which it fol'- lows.

A` small cast-iron cross-piece, with screw-j ackf, keeps the machine steady, by pressiugin any direction upon fixed beams or other fixed points.

This dividing-apparatus is actuated as follows:

A small hand-crank, fitted on the axle4 of the wheel g, drives this latter, which actuates a pinion, h.'

On the axle of this pinion h is fitted a helical screwpinion, i, gearing with a wheel of the same description,-

fixed on shaft l.

On the vertical shaft l, at its lower part, there. is also ftteda helical screw-pinion, n, driving a horizontal shaft, j.

This shaft j carries the cam-wheel k, which gears with the chain p or the band or ribbon o, when either of them is placed 'm the machine, and communicates a revolving motion to theI wheel which is to be cogged.

When the chain j) is used, it is placed (as shown Sheet I of the drawings) on the cam-wheel k, the curved piece being used only as a lever to stretch the chain, to effect which the tension-screw c is screwed up. The curved piece b is brought on the toothed driving-wheel ofthe chain, whilst the four screws of the indicator, or meter, are loosened, so that the apparatus may slide, and stretch the chain.

When the chain is well stretched, the screws e are screwed up, and the curved piece, being no longer of any use, may be loosened.l

On ,the two axles g h are set dials, the hands of which are repeated on both sides of' the apparatus, in case any obstruction should compel the operator to place himself on the opposite side of the machine.

The dial fitted on g, registers with accelerated motion. It brings the wheel forward five millimetres per circumvolution of the hand.

The dial fitted on It gives an advancement of onel i millimetre, and is divided into one hundredparts, equalV to one ten-thousandthof a metre in decimal measure.

The dial is also employed for accelerating motion in turning the sides of cogs, in which case the hand-crank is iitted on axle y, instead of h.

WORKING or THE MACHINE.

First Operation--Iaciny or Turning the Top .Ends

- of Oogs. .u

Presuming I have to turn, divide, varyl shape a' cogwheel already cogged with rough cogs,-I bring the dividing-apparatus near the wheel, and place it so .that

i it faces the` top end of the cogs. I incline the os'cillating-frame C, so that it is-at a tangent tothe circumference ot,` the wheel. The oscillating frame i's fastened by screws E, pressing pn the bent forked pieces D. I. then direct the screw-jack, or buttress f, of the dividing-apparatus, toward a -xed spot, and when firmly set, so 'as to perfectly consolidate and steady the machine, this latter being brought level with the wheel, may be firmly secured by screw-bolts,` i on the ground or flooring, or on pieces of timber, ac-

cording to the nature of the locality in which the machine `is placed. j

-When the apparatus cannot-be xedpn the ground, it'may be fastened, by means of several'bolt, ,yes provided for that purpose, on each side of the ir me.

When the machine is firmly secured, IIiix the cutting-tools, or blades L, by which` the ends of the cogs are to becut, on the' shaft H (see Fig. No. 2, sheet 1,) and I then set the wheel O) on its axle Q. Ithen pass the steel band or chain, on the circumterenceof the wheel, over ,the cogs,\and inside of the dividingapparatus, over-'the cam-wheel k. I then stretch the t band o or chain p by means of the curved' piece 11, which is drawn tightby a forked screw, c.

When the dividing-apparatus is near enough to the curved piece b', I screw upthe four screws e, thus fix-j ing the dividing-apparatus in its proper V'position.

The machine is then set in motion. i While turning the handle g of the dividing-apparatus until the rst co'g comes in front of theblade,

(as in iig. 2, Sheet No. 1,) I push `the sliding frame for ward, and the blades L cut the top end of the cog. I then draw back the sliding frame to its iirst position, y and by turning the dividing-handle, pass to the next cog, and so on to the last.Y

Second Operation- Division and Shaping of Cogs.

Foru this operation, the blades L must be changed, and the blades K be substituted. Nails are to be driven on av few cogs, so as to prevent the band or chain slipping.

Supposing the circumference of the wheel to measd ure 1871.795 centimetres, or divisions of the band or chai'n, and the number of cogstobe three hundred and ninety-eight, the pitch, or space, from the centreof'one tooth to the centre of the next, measured on the circumference of the wheel or points 'of the teeth, will be 47.03 millimtres. Having brought down the first space in front of the blade, ('see Sheet No. 1,) Iput the machine in motion, pushing, at the same time, the sliding frame O. The two blades then shape the two faces of a middle space'between twccogs. I bring back the sliding name, and the machine continuing to .other dial,and three divisionswmore.

revolve, I Amake nine revolutionshwith the dividingi handle fixed on the axle g, which produces forty-iive be divided` among'several cogs, if an absolutely accu-` rate division be required.

The dials ofthe dividing-apparatus are repeated on both sides of the machine, so that the operator may be able to govern the quadrant-dial hands, even should one side of the machine be unapproachable. Thi/rd Operativa-Turning the Ends of the Coge o'r Facing Both Sides of the Wheel.' For'this purpose, I remove the axles Q and'lI, fix the block a with itssmall axle X, and then put on the axle S, carrying the blades T U. On, this axle are fastened either the blades 'l or the saw U, which are set at Aa distance from each other regulated by the width of the cogs.

I then put the machine in motion, at the same time turning the dividing-handleplaced on the axle g of the indicator, or meter, which accelerates the rotation'of the wheel, and brings each cog either tothe saw U. or to the blade Q.

By putting together theblades K and L, the wheel may be. turned on its periphery, divided, and shaped,

in a single operation, and the time required toperfect' the work be reduced one-third.

A'n endless chain is used only for very large wheels, which will only rotateunder great power. In all other `casesthe steel bandis preferable, as being more pliaF ble, light, and' rigid.'

The axle Z of the bevel-gearing may be removed,

as aforesaid, andy set up in various positions. For that purpose, lugs with bolt-eyes are arranged to'receive theA two plumber-blocks carrying the axle, should any impediment lnecessitate their use.

In case there shouldnot be sufficient space for working with cranks, shaits of various lengths could be joined together by a coupling-box, (as shown tig. 2,

Sheet 11,) and'the machine be driven from any dis,- tance.

What I claim as my invention, and desire-to secure by Letters Patent, is-

, 1 The shaft S, and cutting-devices T and U, mounted in adjustable positions thereon, the shaft beingcarried in the frame-work, and receiving motion, substantially in the manner'and for the' purposes herein setforth.

2. The employment of the non-elastic rack, or belt o,

:moved at intervals to an adjustable extent, and adapted to move the Wheel to be cut, to mathematically-determined extents, as and for the purposes herein set forth.

' v C. EVQTTE.

Witnesses:

DWIGHT MORRIS, JOHN S. HUNT. 

